《保险研究》20250908-《商业保险利用基因信息核保的法律规制》（王炜炫）

［摘   要］目前，我国禁止将基因信息作为核保要求，但在理论界和实务界均有争论。通过梳理基因信息核保的核心争议，可以归纳总结出社会公平和精算公平、基因权和核保权、个人利益和集体利益“三重矛盾”，其本质均在于少数群体与保险集体之间的利益博弈。基于不同的价值抉择，各国的规制范式大相径庭。结合保险基础理论和我国保险实践，精算公平更具现实意义，基因信息核保完全遵循基因权的保护逻辑，加之个人利益理论基础存在谬误与悖论，因而我国应适当放宽对基因信息核保的限制。具体而言，首先在实体要素中，明确保险人收集基因信息的方式、范围和情形；其次在程序规范中，根据《保险法》《个人信息保护法》等法律法规的要求建立健全保险人基因信息核保的全流程合规指南；最后在救济路径中，通过完善保险人的被动披露义务与国家金融监督管理总局的复核机制来应对投保人在基因信息核保中可能面临的基因歧视现象。

［关键词］基因信息；精算公平；基因权；核保权；基因歧视

［基金项目］本文是中国法学会贯彻落实党的二十届三中全会精神专项课题“以大协同格局加强涉外法治建设”［CLS(2025)ZX0012］的阶段性成果。

［作者简介］王炜炫，北京大学法学院博士研究生。

The Legal Regulation of Using Genetic Information for Underwriting in Commercial Insurance

WANG Wei-xuan

Abstract：At present，China prohibits the use of genetic information as an underwriting requirement，but it is controversial in both theoretical and practical circles.By sorting out the core disputes of using genetic information for underwriting，we can summarize the “Triple Contradictions” of social fairness and actuarial fairness，genetic rights and underwriting rights，personal interests and collective interests，which are essentially the interest game between minority groups and insurance collectives.Based on different choices of value，the regulatory paradigms vary from country to country.Combining the basic theory of insurance and Chinese insurance practices，actuarial fairness is more practical，and using genetic information for underwriting fully follows the protection logic of genetic rights.In addition，there are fallacies and paradoxes in the theoretical basis of personal interests.Therefore，China should appropriately relax the restrictions on using genetic information for underwriting.Specifically，first of all，in the entity elements，clarify the way，scope and situation of the insurer’s collection of genetic information.Secondly，in the procedural norms，according to the requirements of laws and regulations such as “Insurance Law” and “Personal Information Protection Law”，we shall establish and improve the full-process compliance guidelines for insurer using genetic information for underwriting.Finally，in the remedy approach，through the improvement of the insurer’s passive disclosure obligation and the review mechanism of the National Financial Regulatory Administration，we can properly deal with the phenomenon of genetic discrimination that the insured may face in the underwriting.

Key words：genetic information;actuarial fairness;genetic rights;underwriting rights;genetic discrimination