《保险研究》20220707-《保证保险代位权问题研究》（张旭东）

［摘   要］同一债权既有保证保险又有其他混合担保时,保险人的代位权与混合担保人追偿权的关系问题便凸显出来。保证保险的性质应根据当事人的真实意思进行实质判断。“独立抽象的债务承诺”和“严格相符的单据交易属性”可为保证保险的独立性提供佐证。保证保险系以债权人为被保险人,所承保的风险相对于被保险人而言构成客观风险,且赋予保险代位权能够有效防范投保人的故意违约行为。由于保险代位权是一种债的法定转移,故担保权将随主债权一并转移,保险人据此可向混合担保人行使代位权；但基于保险代位权与追偿权的性质差异,混合担保人无权就其承担的责任再向保险人追偿。保险人行使代位权时,应当遵循《民法典》中的担保规则,同时也应考虑保险法上的大数法则和对价平衡原则。

［关键词］保证保险；混合担保；保险代位权；债的法定移转；追偿权

［作者简介］张旭东，上海交通大学凯原法学院博士研究生。

A Research on the Guarantee Insurance Subrogation

ZHANG Xu-dong

Abstract：When the same creditor′s right is guaranteed by guaranty insurance and other mixed security at the same time,the problem of the relationship between the insurer′s subrogation right and the mixed guarantor′s right of recourse becomes prominent.The nature of guarantee insurance should be substantively judged according to the true intention of the parties."Independent and abstract debt commitments" and "strictly consistent document transaction attributes" can provide evidence for the independence of guarantee insurance.Guarantee insurance takes the creditor as the insured,and the risks insured constitute objective risks with respect to the insured,so the subrogation of insurance can effectively prevent the applicant′s intentional breach of contract.Since the insurance subrogation comes from the statutory credit transfer,the security right will be transferred together with the main creditor′s right,and the insurer can exercise the subrogation right to the mixed security parties.However,the nature of insurance subrogation is different from that of the recourse right,therefore the mixed security parties have no right to recourse to the insurer for the liability they undertakes.When the insurer exercises the right of subrogation,it shall follow the guarantee rules in the Civil Code.Also,the law of large numbers and the principle of consideration balance in insurance law should also be considered by the insurer.

Key words：guarantee insurance；mixed security；insurance subrogation；statutory transfer of debt；right of recourse