《保险研究》20260303-《内源风险管理导向的科技保险概念辨析与定义重塑——基于风险范式与保险功能的再界定》（吴伟峰）

［摘   要］作为服务科创活动风险管理的重要金融工具，科技保险概念界定的模糊性制约了理论研究的深化与实践应用的推进。既有研究多从保险标的枚举、政策工具属性或风险特征归纳等视角来界定科技保险，虽初步明确了服务对象与基础功能，却始终未能触及科技风险的本质与保险原理的深层关联，普遍存在着“风险与不确定性边界混淆”“风险内外源属性忽视”及“保险功能边界泛化”三大理论缺陷。本文以奈特“不确定性-风险”二分法为分析范式，结合保险“纯粹风险损失补偿”的本质功能，引入“风险内外源分野”维度，系统解构科技保险的概念内涵并重塑其理论定义。进而，通过嵌入技术成熟度（TRL）框架构建内源风险的量化路径，为科技保险产品分类优化、定价机制完善及政策精准实施提供依据，进一步解决了产品创新不足、定价失准与市场供需错配等实践难题，提升其对科技企业全生命周期及创新活动全链条的服务效能。同时，亦为建立统一的科技保险行业分类标准等提供了理论依据，助力其规范化与系统化发展。

［关键词］科技保险；奈特不确定性；可保风险；内源风险；技术成熟度（TRL）

［作者简介］吴伟峰，太平科技保险股份有限公司高级专家。

Concept Analysis and Definition Reshaping of Technology Insurance Guided by Endogenous Risk Management—Redefining based on risk paradigm and insurance function

WU Wei-feng

Abstract：Technology insurance—a key financial tool for managing innovation risk—remains conceptually ambiguous，impeding both theoretical advancement and practical applications.Prevailing definitions，based on enumerating insured objects，policy functions，or risk features，overlook the essential link between technological risk and insurance fundamentals，resulting in three core flaws：blurred boundaries between risk and uncertainty，neglect of risk endogeneity or exnogeneity，and functional overextension.This paper redefines technology insurance′s conceptual connotation and reshapes its theories through a tripartite theoretical lens：Knight′s risk-uncertainty dichotomy，the insurance principle of pure-risk compensation，and the endogenous-exogenous risk distinction.By embedding the Technology Readiness Level （TRL） framework，we further outline a quantifiable pathway for endogenous risks，enabling better product categorization，pricing mechanism，and targeted policies，and further solves the problems of insufficient product innovation，imprecise pricing and demand & supply mismatch，thus enhancing its effectiveness in servicing the whole life cycle of technology enterprises and their full value chain of innovative activities.The revised definition supports standardized classification and monitoring，and benefits its regularized and systematic development.

Key words：technology insurance；Knight Uncertainty；insurable risk；endogenous risk；Technology Readiness Level （TRL）