《保险研究》20251109-《机动车代驾事故中的保险责任问题》（王雯慧）

［摘   要］机动车责任险中“共同被保条款”将有偿代驾司机列入附加被保险人的做法,在发生交通事故时容易引发代驾方、被代驾方和保险公司之间的责任争议。从基础侵权法律关系看,有偿代驾方对机动车具有支配、控制地位且享有运行利益,原则上应当被认定为侵权责任主体。从保险法律关系分析,“共同被保条款”会引发交强险、商业三责险与代驾责任险之间的保险竞合，但我国《保险法》和《民法典》并未提供完备的处理规则，司法判例倾向于后置代驾责任险的责任承担顺序。根据强制险优先于任意险赔付规则，在代驾事故中交强险需先行承担保险责任；根据保险竞合处理的“与风险联系最为密切”规则，代驾责任险应优先于商业三责险承担次位责任；而虑及有偿代驾的商业属性、商业三责险的险种定位与功能以及侵权主体的责任自负原则，应将有偿代驾方从商业三责险共同被保险人中剔除，有偿代驾事故应当形成交强险——代驾责任险——有偿代驾方的责任承担顺位与格局。

［关键词］有偿代驾；交强险；商业三责险；“共同被保条款”；保险竞合

［作者简介］王雯慧，上海交通大学凯原法学院博士研究生，研究方向：保险法、破产法。

Insurance Liability Issues in Motor Designated Driving Accidents

WANG Wen-hui

Abstract：The “omnibus clause” in motor vehicle liability insurance includes the paid designated driver as the additional insureds,which tends to cause disputes between the designated driving party,the designating party and the insurance company.From the basic tort relationship,the designated driving party who has the dominant and controlling position over the motor vehicle and enjoys operational interests shall in principle be recognized as the subject of tort liability.From the legal relationship of insurance,the “omnibus clause” has triggered concurrent insurance liability between compulsory motor liability insurance,commercial third-party liability insurance and designated driving liability insurance,but China’s Insurance Law and Civil Code do not provide sufficient handling rules,and judicial practice tends to make designated driving liability insurance bear the subsequent liability.According to the rule of compulsory insurance takes precedence over voluntary insurance,compulsory motor liability insurance should bear insurance liability first in the designated driving accidents;according to the “closest to the risk” rule of insurance concurrence,the designated driving liability insurance should take precedence over commercial third-party liability insurance and assume secondary liability;and considering the commercial nature of paid designated driving,the positioning and functions of commercial liability insurance and the principle of self-responsibility of the infringing subject,the paid designated driver should be removed from the additional insureds of commercial third-party liability insurance,and the liability bearing of the paid designated driving accidents shall follow the order of the compulsory traffic accident liability insurance—paid designated driving liability insurance—the liability of the paid designated driving party.

Key words：paid designated driving;compulsory traffic accident liability insurance;commercial third-party liability insurance;“omnibus clause”;other insurance