《保险研究》20251207-《规模异质视角下农业保险赔付保障效率研究》（毛逸飞、陈盛伟、王俊、牛浩）

［摘   要］根据交易成本理论和信息传递理论，农险业务模式（单独承保理赔-统一承保理赔）和农户投保诉求（高保障需求-低保障需求）的不同，将使农险业务成本和赔付精准度存在差异，进而影响赔付保障效率。面对我国规模农户与传统小农并存的二元格局，如何统筹好不同农地经营规模间的赔付保障效率，已成为农业保险高质量发展面临的重要课题。本文从农业保险业务成本和赔付精准度两视角切入，基于2010~2023年31个省（区、市）的面板数据，利用双向固定效应模型分析规模异质对农业保险赔付保障效率的影响。研究发现：农地经营规模化显著降低农业保险业务成本并提升赔付精准度，人均种植规模每增加1亩，农业保险综合费用率较其均值下降0.036%，赔付精准度较其均值提升0.023。进一步地，农地经营规模化对农业保险赔付保障效率同样具有显著正向影响，人均种植规模每增加1亩，农业保险赔付保障效率较其均值提高1.625。这一结论在经过内生性与稳健性检验之后依然成立。因此，建议从整合农户单元、优化产品设计、完善理赔标准三方面发力，充分发挥规模农户“降本增效”作用，全面提高农业保险赔付保障效率。

［关键词］规模异质；农业保险；赔付保障效率；业务成本；赔付精准度

［基金项目］国家社会科学基金青年项目“数字赋能农业保险精准理赔的机制、障碍与路径研究”(24CGL076)，国家社会科学基金重点项目“基于规模、结构、效率‘三位一体’的我国农业保险政策优化研究”(23AGL026)，山东省自然科学基金面上项目“农业保险高质量发展效率的多维测度、影响机理及提升路径研究”(ZR2023MG068)，山东省社会科学规划研究项目“农业保险高质量发展对‘齐鲁粮仓’建设的保障机理与政策优化研究”(24DGLJ28)。

［作者简介］毛逸飞，山东农业大学经济管理学院博士研究生；陈盛伟，山东理工大学副校长、教授，研究方向：农业风险管理与农业保险；王俊，中原农业保险股份有限公司风险管理部总经理，研究方向：三农风险管理；牛浩(通讯作者)，山东农业大学经济管理学院副院长、副教授，研究方向：农业保险。

A Research on the Efficiency of Agricultural Insurance Compensation From the Perspective of Scale Heterogeneity

MAO Yi-fei，CHEN Sheng-wei，WANG Jun，NIU Hao

Abstract：Based on the transaction cost theory and the information transmission theory，differences in agricultural insurance business models (individual underwriting and claims settlement-unified underwriting and claims settlement) and farmers’ insurance purchase motivations(high coverage demand-low coverage demand) will result in variations in the business costs and compensation accuracy of agricultural insurance，thereby affecting the compensation efficiency.Facing the dual pattern of large-scale farmers and traditional small farmers coexisting in China，how to coordinate the efficiency of compensation among different scales of agricultural land operation has become an important issue for the agricultural insurance high-quality development.This article is based on panel data from 31 provinces (regions，municipalities) from 2010 to 2023.From the perspective of business cost and compensation accuracy，it empirically analyzes the effect of scale heterogeneity on agricultural insurance compensation efficiency using two-way fixed effects model.The research has found that the large-scale operation of agricultural land significantly reduces the cost of agricultural insurance business and improves the accuracy of compensation.For every additional mu of per capita planting scale，the comprehensive expense ratio of agricultural insurance decreases by 0.036% compared with its average value and the accuracy of compensation increases by 0.023 compared with its average value.Furthermore，the large-scale operation of agricultural land also significantly enhances the efficiency of agricultural insurance compensation.For every additional mu of per capita planting scale，the efficiency of compensation guarantee increases by 1.625 compared with its average value.These conclusions still hold true after endogeneity treatment and robustness testing.Therefore，it is suggested to make efforts from three aspects：integrating farmers’ units，optimizing product design，improving claim settlement standards，and giving full play to the role of large-scale farmers in “reducing cost and increasing efficiency”，thus comprehensively improving the efficiency of agricultural insurance compensation.

Key words：scale heterogeneity；agricultural insurance；the efficiency of agricultural insurance compensation；business cost；compensation accuracy