《保险研究》20191104-《美国农业安全网政策保险化:表现、动因与启示》（夏益国、谢凤杰、周丽）

［摘   要］美国农业安全网经历了从价格支持向收入支持再向风险管理支持的政策转变。自20世纪80年代市场化改革以来,联邦农作物保险在联邦农业安全网中发挥了日益重要作用,部分替代了传统农场商品项目的功能,农业安全网政策保险化趋势明显。这种趋势演进的动因包括：农场商品项目面临的困境催生的美国农业安全网政策市场化改革；来自世界贸易组织的外部压力；美国农民收入状况长期优于美国普通家庭所产生的政治压力；农场风险增加等。美国农业安全网政策保险化趋势对我国农业支持政策改革具有重要参考价值。

［关键词］农业安全网；保险化；农场商品项目；农作物保险项目

［基金项目］本文研究受到国家自然科学基金项目“种粮大户农业保险需求识别、测度与保险政策优化研究”(71503172)、安徽省教育厅人文社会科学重点研究项目“农业支持政策协同研究:基于农业规模化视角”(SK2016A0164)和安徽省保险学会2018年重点研究课题“美国农业安全网政策保险化的动因和影响研究(WB201809)”的资助。

［作者简介］夏益国,安徽工业大学商学院、安徽创新驱动发展研究院教授,研究方向:风险管理与保险等,E-mail:xyg8888163@sina.com;谢凤杰,沈阳农业大学经济管理学院讲师,研究方向:农村金融等,E-mail:fengjiexie@qq.com;周丽,安徽工业大学商学院硕士研究生,研究方向:金融风险管理。

Insurance-Based Farm Safety Net Policy:Manifestation,Motivation and Revelation

XIA Yi-guo,Xie Feng-jie,ZHOU Li

Abstract：The U.S.farm safety net has undergone a policy shift from price support to income support and then to risk management support.Since the market-oriented reform in 1980s,the Federal Crop Insurance has been playing a more and more important role in the farm safety net.It partly replaced the functions of traditional farm commodity programs,and the insurance-based farm safety net gradually took shape.The main reasons for the origination of the insurance-based designs of the farm safety net was firstly the dilemma faced by farm commodity program,which led to the market-oriented reform of U.S farm safety net policy,external pressure represented by the World Trade Organization,the political pressure generated by the superior income status of U.S.farmers over that of ordinary families in the United States in the long-term,and the increases of farm production risks.The U.S.insurance-based farm safety net policy is of great significance for the reform and innovation of supporting agriculture policy in China.

Key words：farm safety net;insurance-based design;farm commodity program;crop insurance program