《保险研究》20241109-《出口信用保险融资纠纷解决机制冲突的协调进路研究——以合同联立理论为视角》（林诚、潘嘉玲）

［摘   要］出口信用保险贸易融资涉及保险、赔款转让、融资、融资担保等多重法律关系，实践中常见当事人在各协议文本项下约定互不一致的争议解决机制，以致“争议解决协议碎片化”问题频发。对此，应以合同联立理论为视角，寻求规范立场，审视交易方主观意思和交易客观功能，廓清出口信用保险与担保的法律性质，论证各协议文本的关联模式，以回应冲突根源。具体而言，《保险合同》与《赔款转让协议》可视为构成合同联立，《保险合同》或《赔款转让协议》与《融资协议》皆不构成合同联立。域外晚近判例关于出口信用保险融资交易结构和争议解决协议的分析思路，亦印证了合同联立理论的实践价值。为协调出口信用保险融资纠纷解决机制冲突，当事人在作出商业决策前，应合意厘清出口信用保险的业务运作逻辑；在合同订立阶段，应设定统一的争议解决条款；裁判者在融资纠纷发生后，应分别依据“主管竞择型冲突”和“管辖重叠型冲突”的案件情形，类型化确立争议解决条款的效力认定规则。

［关键词］出口信用保险；贸易融资；纠纷解决机制冲突；协调进路；合同联立理论

［基金项目］本文系国家社会科学基金青年项目“公共卫生事件保险保障机制研究”（23CFX044）的阶段性成果。

［作者简介］林诚，福建师范大学法学院副教授、硕士生导师，伯尔尼协会（The International Union of Credit and Investment Insurers，简称The Berne Union）研究员；潘嘉玲，中国社会科学院大学法学院硕士研究生。

A Research on the Conflict Harmonisation Approach of Export Credit Insurance Financing Dispute Resolution Mechanisms—From A Perspective of the Relational Theory of Contract

LIN Cheng,PAN Jia-ling

Abstract：Export credit insurance (“ECI”) trade financing involves multiple legal relationships including insurance,transfer of proceeds,financing and guarantee for financing.In practice,the parties usually stipulated ununified dispute solution provisions under the contracts of these relationships,leading to the frequent problem of “fragmentation of the dispute resolution agreement”.To deal with that,we should take a perspective of the relational theory of contract,seek a standardised position,review the parties’ subjective intention and the transaction’s objective function,clarify the legal relationship of ECI and guarantees,and ascertain the mode of relationship among various contracts,so as to respond to the root of the conflicts.Specifically speaking,the insurance contract and the transfer proceeds contract can be regarded as constituting relational contracts,whereas neither the insurance contract nor the transfer of proceeds agreement can be treated as relational contracts to the financing agreement.A recent overseas court’s judgment,which analyses the structure of ECI trade financing transactions and the dispute solution provisions,confirms the practical value of the relational theory of contract.In order to harmonise the conflicts of dispute solution mechanisms under ECI trade financing,the parties must mutually clarify the operating logic of ECI business before making business decisions and set a unified dispute solution clause at the stage of contract formation;at the time of disputes,the adjudicator should,according to the scenarios of “competing jurisdictions conflicts” and “duplicated jurisdiction conflicts”,establish clear and categorised rules of determining the effect of dispute solution provisions.

Key words：export credit insurance;trade financing;conflict of dispute resolution mechanisms;harmonisation approach;relational theory of contract