《保险研究》20241208-《董事责任保险制度的本土化困境与纾解路径》（刘豪杰、何丽新）

［摘   要］董事责任保险作为国外一种行之有效的吸引优秀管理人才担当公司董事的手段，却在我国呈现出“水土不服”之态。究其原因，是立法层面缺乏对于董事责任保险制度运行的引导，对此需要考察民商事基本原理与该险种特性，明确保险责任范围与保费缴纳主体等基本构造，构建符合我国实践需要的董事责任保险制度。在法律法规层面，应考虑在《公司法》中进一步细化董事责任保险制度，由股东大会决定董事责任保险的购买；在“不当行为”的标准认定上，需放宽传统上主观要件和客观要件的要求；而对于免责条款效力判断，应借鉴《民法典》对于格式条款说明义务的矫正，采用一般情况下公司一方所能理解的程度作为保险人尽到说明义务的评判尺度。

［关键词］董事责任保险；董事义务；免责条款；利益平衡

［基金项目］国家社科基金重点课题 “24AFX011：商业保险与社会保险衔接的法律机制研究”。

［作者简介］刘豪杰，厦门大学法学院博士研究生，研究方向：民商法；何丽新，厦门大学法学院教授，博士生导师，研究方向：民商法。

The Localization Dilemma of Directors’Liability Insurance System and Its Solution

LIU Hao-jie,HE Li-xin

Abstract：Directors’ liability insurance,as an effective means to attract outstanding management personnel to act as corporate directors abroad,presents a state of “acclimatization” in China.The reason is the lack of legislative guidance to the operation of directors’ liability insurance system,so it is necessary to investigate the basic principle of civil and commercial affairs and the characteristics of this insurance,clarify the basic infrastructure such as the insurance liability scope and premium payment party,and build a directors’ liability insurance system in line with the practical needs of our country.At the level of laws and regulations,the CorporateLaw should further refine its provisions on directors’ liability insurance system,and entrust the shareholders’ meeting to decide on the purchase of this insurance.In the identification of “improper behavior”,the traditional requirements of subjective and objective elements should be relaxed.As for the judgment of the validity of the disclaimer clause,we should draw reference from the Civil Code’s correction of the explanatory obligation of the standard clause,and adopt the judgement degree that the company can understand under normal circumstances as the criterion for the insurer having fulfilled the explanatory obligation.

Key words：directors’ liability insurance;director of the obligation;disclaimer clause;balancing of interests