《保险研究》20240709-《保证保险代位求偿权的法律适用研究》（钱玉文、郭江雪）

［摘   要］保证保险代位求偿权以损失补偿原则与公平原则为核心依据,实质是法定的债权转移。当同一项债务上既有保证保险人又有混合担保人时,二者的履行顺位及履行规则设计如下:当事人之间有约定的从约定；无约定或者约定不明确的,被保险人同时享有保险索赔权与担保权。被保险人先向保险人主张时,保险人承担保险责任后依《保险法》第60条和《民法典》第547条可向借款人及其混合担保人行使代位求偿权,求偿范围应以弥补保险人的损失为限,求偿规则应适用《民法典》第392条规定；被保险人先向混合担保人主张时,被保险人应当遵循诚实信用原则,不得实施投机行为损害保险人的利益,否则由此造成的损失扩大部分,保险人有权拒赔。

［关键词］保证保险；代位求偿权；法定债权转移；混合担保

［基金项目］2018年度国家社会科学基金项目“金融消费安全的公私合作规制研究”(18BFX138)。

［作者简介］钱玉文,江南大学法学院教授、硕士生导师；郭江雪,江南大学法学院法律硕士研究生。

A Research on the Legal Application of Subrogation Rights in Surety Bond

QIAN Yu-wen,GUO Jiang-xue

Abstract：The right of subrogation in surety bond is based on the principle of loss compensation and equity,and the essence is the legal assignment of creditor′s rights.When the surety insurer and the mixed guarantor coexist on the same debt,the implementation sequence and implementation rules of the two are designed as follows:the agreement is to be followed when there is one;if there is no agreement or the agreement is unclear,the insured has both the insurance claim right and the security right.When the insured first submit his/her claims rights to the insurer,the insurer can exercise the right of subrogation to the borrower and the borrower′s mixed guarantor according to Article 60 of the Insurance Law and Article 547 of the Civil Code after assuming the insurance liability.The scope of the right of subrogation shall be limited to the recovery of the insurer′s loss.The Article 392 of the Civil Code should be applied in terms of the specific rules of subrogation.When the insured first claims rights to the mixed guarantor,the insured shall abide by the principle of good faith,and shall not engage in speculative acts that harm the interests of the surety insurer,otherwise the insurer shall have the right to refuse compensation for the enlarged part of the loss caused thereby.

Key words：surety bond;subrogation right;legal assignment of creditor′s rights;mixed guarantee