《保险研究》20240608-《人寿保单强制执行的路径更新与规则完善》（汪君、肖庆元）

［摘   要］人寿保单强制执行不应简单等同于保单现金价值强制执行。人寿保单的执行标的应界定为被执行人于保险合同中所享有的具有可执行性的财产性权益。基于此，人寿保单的强制执行路径将得到拓展，相应的执行规则也应予以完善。首先，要构建人寿保单财产性权益的豁免执行制度。由人民法院结合被执行人和扶养家属的实际情况，根据当地经济发展水平等因素进行个案判断。同时允许债权人举证存在恶意欺诈的情形以排除豁免执行。其次，应充实人寿保单财产性权益的阶梯执行规则。即先予执行保单红利和投资收益，再根据可借款金额与剩余债务的差额，选择是否办理保单质押借款。若可借款金额多于或等于剩余债务，则通过办理质押借款完成执行。若可借款金额少于剩余债务，则通过行使受益人介入权或办理保单贴现以供执行。最后，若无法通过前述阶梯执行方式执行到位，则只能由人民法院强制解除保险合同获得现金价值以供执行。这契合司法机关强制执行的权力属性，有利于保证程序正义和执行效率。

［关键词］人寿保单；强制执行；保单质押；保单贴现；现金价值

［基金项目］中央高校基本科研业务费项目“民事裁判应当适用的规范性法律文件研究”(2722024BY011)。

［作者简介］汪君，中南财经政法大学法学院副教授，研究方向：民商法基础理论、保险法；肖庆元(通讯作者)，中南财经政法大学保险法研究所研究助理，研究方向：保险法。

Path Update and Rule Improvement for Mandatory Execution of Life Insurance Policies

WANG Jun,XIAO Qing-yuan

Abstract：Life policy enforcement should not be equated simply with policy cash value enforcement.The subject matter of compulsory execution of a life policy is all the property rights and interests that the executed party enjoys based on the insurance contract that is available for execution.Based on this,the compulsory enforcement path of life insurance policies will be expanded,and corresponding enforcement rules should also be improved.First of all,the exemption system for the execution of life insurance policy property rights and interests should be built up.The people′s court is to make the case by case judgment taking into consideration of the actual situation of the executed person and dependent family members and the local economic development level and other relevant factors.At the same time,the creditor should be allowed to prove the existence of malicious fraud in order to exclude the exemption from execution.Secondly,the life insurance policy property rights and interests should be enriched with the ladder of execution rules.That is,the policy dividends and investment income shall be enforced first,and then,according to the difference between the borrowable amount and the remaining debt,decide whether a policy loan is allowed.If the borrowable amount is more than or equal to the remaining debt,the execution will be completed by applying for a policy loan.If the borrowable amount is less than the remaining debt,then the beneficiary′s right to intervene is exercised or the policy is discounted for execution.Finally,if it is not possible to execute through the aforementioned ladder rule,the people′s court can only forcibly terminate the insurance contract to obtain the cash value for execution.This is in line with the attributes of the power of the judiciary to enforce,and is conducive to ensuring procedural justice and enforcement efficiency.

Key words：insurance policy;compulsory enforcement;policy loan;policy discount;cash value