《保险研究》20230502-《我国农业保险的发展与演变——产品形态的视角》（王克、吉利）

［摘   要］经过十多年的快速发展，当前我国农业保险正处在从粗放式发展向高质量发展转型、从物化成本保险的低保障向完全成本保险和种植收入保险的高保障迈进的关键时期，未来我国农业保险的发展方向以及应采取的主流产品形态成为摆在学界和业界面前的重要命题。本文由今溯古，首先对成本保险的概念和特征进行理论辨析，然后梳理了民国时期至２００４年我国农业保险在不同时期的产品形态，探讨了我国农业保险产品演变背后的逻辑，最后提出我国农业保险产品的创新发展方向，旨在为回答上述问题提供经验依据和理论支持。研究发现：自民国时期至２００４年我国农业保险探索实践了成本保险、价值保险、产量保险等多种产品形态，在保险公司解决高赔付问题、政府担心财政补贴压力和农业生产条件等因素作用下，我国农业保险最终选择了物化成本保险的产品形态。但目前各方面条件都发生了深刻变化，在推动我国农业保险向高质量发展转型的过程中，保产量依然是当前和今后一段时期农业保险保障的重点，应兼顾小农户需求继续开展成本保险，优化完善成本保险的“分阶段赔付”设计，并探索开展“产量保险”试点。

［关键词］农业保险；成本保险；产品形态；历史演变

［基金项目］本文受国家自然科学基金面上项目（72073132）资助。

［作者简介］王克，中国农业再保险股份有限公司战略发展部（中国农再研究院）副总经理；吉利（通讯作者），中国农业科学院农业信息研究所硕士研究生。

The Development and Evolution of Agricultural Insurance in China—Based on the Perspective of Product Form

WANG Ke,JI Li

Abstract：After more than ten years of rapid development,China′s agricultural insurance is currently in a crucial period of transition from extensive development to high-quality development,from low protection of materialized cost insurance to high protection of full cost insurance and planting revenue insurance.The mainstream product form and direction of development that China′s agricultural insurance should adopt in the future have become an important proposition faced by the academia and the industry.Tracing back to the past,this paper,first of all,makes a theoretical analysis of the concept and characteristics of cost insurance,then sorts out the product forms of China′s agricultural insurance in different periods from the Republic of China to 2004,discusses the logic behind the evolution of China′s agricultural insurance products,and finally puts forward the innovative development direction of China′s agricultural insurance products,aiming to provide some empirical basis and theoretical support for answering the above questions.The research finds that from the Republic of China to 2004,China′s agricultural insurance explored and practiced a variety of product forms such as cost insurance,value insurance,and yield insurance.Under the joint influences of insurance companies solving the problem of high compensation,the government worrying about fiscal subsidy pressure,agricultural production conditions,and other factors,China′s agricultural insurance finally chose the product form of materialized cost insurance.However,profound changes have taken place in all aspects.In the process of promoting the transformation of China′s agricultural insurance to high quality development,protection for agricultural yield is the emphasis of agricultural insurance currently and the years to come.Therefore,we should continue to maintain the materialized cost insurance for the interest of small-sized farmers,study and optimize the "phased compensation" design of full cost insurance,and explore the development of "yield insurance".

Key words：agricultural insurance；cost insurance；product form；historical evolution