《保险研究》20230409-《同一命运原则贯通再保险合同的内在逻辑》（樊启荣、王虞薇）

［摘   要］同一命运原则是再保险合同的精髓所在，其内在逻辑贯通再保险合同之始终。将同一命运原则约定于再保险合同中，具体化为再保险合同条款，起初是同业之间激烈的业务竞争所迫，后来演变为再保险交易主体间的行为惯例，得到了国际再保险市场的普遍承认。根据对同一命运条款之“合理性”与“必需性”的分析，可以认定该条款为默示条款。同一命运原则不在再保险合同之外创造再保险责任，与之相应的是，原保险人在交易过程中始终秉持诚信乃同一命运原则的前提条件。但是，在通融赔付、理赔合作、惩罚性赔偿的特殊商事情形下，同一命运原则的适用则以限制为核心，需要依据法律规定与合同约定进行理性判断。以上就构成了同一命运原则在再保险合同中的内在逻辑。

［关键词］同一命运原则；同一命运条款；再保险合同；再保险交易；内在逻辑

［基金项目］本文为国家社科基金一般项目“社会治理创新背景下责任保险法的理论变革与制度创新研究”（项目编号：15BFX167）的阶段性研究成果。

［作者简介］樊启荣，中南财经政法大学法学院教授、博士生导师，研究方向：保险法；王虞薇，中南财经政法大学法学院博士研究生，研究方向：保险法。

The Internal Logic of Following the Fortunes Principle through the Reinsurance Contract

FAN Qi-rong,WANG Yu-wei

Abstract：Following the fortunes principle is the essence of reinsurance contracts,and its internal logic runs through the whole of reinsurance contracts.At first,following the fortunes principle was stipulated in the reinsurance contract and embodied in the reinsurance contract clause due to fierce competition between peers,and later it evolved into a behavioral convention among the reinsurance transaction entities,which has been generally recognized by the international reinsurance market.According to the analysis of the "reasonableness" and "necessity" of following the fortunes clause,it can be regarded as an implied clause.Following the fortunes principle does not create reinsurance liability outside the reinsurance contract.Correspondingly,the primary insurer always upholds good faith in the transaction process,which is a prerequisite for following the fortunes principle.However,in special commercial situations such as ex gratia payment,claims cooperation,and punitive damages,the application of following the fortunes principle focuses on limitation,and requires rational judgment in accordance with legal provisions and contractual stipulations.The above constitutes the internal logic of following the fortunes principle in reinsurance contract.

Key words：following the fortunes principle;following the fortunes clause;reinsurance contract;reinsurance transaction;internal logic