《保险研究》20230309-《保险法上告知义务之完善：情势变更原则的介入与补强》（蔡大顺）

［摘   要］情势变更原则作为私法领域纠正利益失衡的重要法政策工具,其在保险领域虽有具体适用,然受制于我国法上情势变更原则构成要件的“情势客观性”要求,致其适用范围有限。学理上认为可借助类推适用技术将其适用范围延伸至共同错误领域,以提升其实际效用。针对保险法上告知义务领域可能出现的共同错误情形,依《保险法》第16条之规定予以处理并非完全妥当,一方面,《保险法》第16条之解除权规范有其自身缺陷,“全有全无的”解除权规则过于苛刻,显非合理的风险分配,且运用单方错误法则解决共同错误亦非合理；另一方面,《保险法》第16条之理论基础对价平衡原则有其自身不足,实践层面的贯彻并非完全现实可行。鉴于此针对保险合同签订中出现的共同错误情形,可类推适用情势变更原则,合理运用再协商程序、司法变更权与终止权,调整保险合同的内容,补强对价平衡原则下告知义务规范之不足,提升法效果的缓和度,实现保险合同的公平正义。

［关键词］告知义务；对价平衡；情势变更；法律适用

［基金项目］本文系2021年国家社科基金项目《民法典合同通则在保险领域的法律适用研究》（21CFX033）的阶段性成果。

［作者简介］蔡大顺，湖北大学法学院讲师。

The Perfection of Disclosure Obligation in Insurance Law:The Intervention and Reinforcement of the Principle of Circumstance Change

CAI Da-shun

Abstract：As an important legal policy tool to correct the imbalance of interests in the field of private law,the principle of Circumstance Change has its specific application in the insurance field,but it is subject to the requirement of "objectivity" in the constitution of the Circumstance Change principle,causing its scope of application to be limited.Theoretically,it can be extended to the common mistake field by analogy to enhance its practical effect.In view of common mistake that may occur in the field of disclosure obligation in the Insurance Law,it is not entirely appropriate to deal with them according to Article 16 of the Insurance Law.On the one hand,the standard of rescission right in Article 16 of the Insurance Law has its own defects.The "all or nothing" rescission rule is too harsh,which shows unreasonable risk allocation,and it is unreasonable to use the rule of unilateral mistake to solve common mistake.On the other hand,the theoretical basis of the Principle of Equilibrium in Article 16 of the Insurance Law has its own shortcomings,and the implementation at the practical level is not completely realistic.Therefore,the principle of Change of Circumstances should be applied by analogy to the common mistake in the insurance contracts.In this way,the strictness of the existing Insurance Law rules can be alleviated.With the help of the renegotiation procedure,judicial change and termination right,the content of the insurance contract can be adjusted.It is helpful to realize the fairness and justice of insurance contracts.

Key words：the obligation of disclosure;Principle of Equilibrium;Change Circumstance;application of law