《保险研究》20230105-《弱势群体的保障型人身保险需求——基于“风险感知”理论的分析》（毕泗锋、傅文亮）

［摘   要］普惠保险的服务对象为弱势群体，但长期以来学界与业界面临如何有效甄别弱势群体的研究难题。本文基于“风险感知”理论，使用保险公司82万份微观保单数据，以投保人收入、职业和教育三个代表性指标捕捉弱势群体特征，探究弱势群体的保障型人身保险需求规律。研究发现，弱势群体在保险消费决策中存在较强烈的“未知风险”与“恐惧风险”感知，其保险总需求相对较低，但等量收入增加引致的边际保险需求(保险保障/收入)却相对较高。进一步，弱势群体家庭中的“中青年”或“男性”成员为被保险对象时，边际保险需求显著增强；弱势群体的边际保险需求存在地区差异，经济与保险较为发达地区的弱势群体，其边际保险需求更高。本研究提供了一种甄别弱势群体的解决思路，弥补了现有文献有关普惠保险服务对象研究偏窄及偏少的短板，研究结论可为政府普惠保险政策制定以及保险公司产品设计提供借鉴。

［关键词］弱势群体；风险感知；保障型人身保险需求

［作者简介］毕泗锋，山东财经大学金融学院教授；傅文亮，山东财经大学金融学院硕士研究生。

Vulnerable People′s Demand for Life Insurance Protection—An Analysis Based on Risk Perception Theory

BI Si-feng,FU Wen-liang

Abstract：The inclusive insurance serves for the vulnerable people,but for a long time the academic and industry have faced the research problem of how to effectively identify the vulnerable people.Using a database of more than 820,000 life insurance policies from commercial companies,and based on the Risk Perception Theory,this paper attempts to capture the characteristics of vulnerable people by three typical variables—the insurance applicant′s income,occupation and education,to explore the rule of demand for protection-type life insurance products by vulnerable people.It is found that there is a stronger “unknown risk” and “terror risk” perception among these people with regard to decisions on insurance consumption.Their total insurance demand is relatively lower,while an increase in income of the same amount can yield stronger marginal insurance demand(insurance protection/income).Furthermore,when “young and middle-aged” or “male” members of a vulnerable family are insured,their marginal insurance demand is significantly increased.For vulnerable people,there is regional difference in marginal insurance demand for insurance:areas with more developed economy or insurance industry are higher in the marginal insurance demand than those with less developed economy or insurance industry.This study provides a new solution to identify vulnerable people,addressing the shortage of research on the target group of inclusive insurance.The conclusions can provide reference for the government to set up policies promoting inclusive insurance development,and for the insurers to design new products.

Key words：vulnerable people;risk perception;demand for protection-type life insurance