《保险研究》20210807-《政策缴费率、相对劳动成本与养老保险企业缴费损失程度》（金刚、刘钰彤、李永涛）

［摘   要］本文提出养老保险企业缴费的工资总额弹性折损系数,度量养老保险企业缴费损失程度,分析政策缴费率和相对劳动成本对养老保险企业缴费损失程度的影响。基于2007～2018年制造业上市企业数据,研究发现,政策缴费率与相对劳动成本正向影响企业缴费损失程度,制造业上市公司的养老保险企业缴费工资总额弹性折损系数约为0.339,意味着逃避费行为导致企业缴费损失了理论应缴额的33.9%；养老保险企业缴费损失程度在国有控股与非国有控股企业之间、盈利企业与亏损企业之间以及不同资产规模企业之间存在较为明显差异性；缴费损失造成现收现付制养老保险制度生物回报率实际值与理论值出现偏离。研究结果表明,降费率和降低企业相对劳动成本可以在一定程度上减小养老保险企业缴费的损失程度。

［关键词］政策缴费率；相对劳动成本；折损系数；养老保险

［基金项目］本文为国家社科基金项目“降低养老保险企业政策缴费率的可行空间与实施路径研究”(18BGL195)、辽宁省教育厅科学研究项目“综合降费改革背景下城镇职工基本养老保险财务可持续研究”(LJC202031)、辽宁省“兴辽英才计划”(XLYC2004013)、辽宁省社会科学规划基金项目(L20BGL010)的阶段性研究成果。

［作者简介］ 金刚,辽宁大学公共管理学院研究员,博士生导师；刘钰彤,辽宁大学公共管理学院博士生；李永涛(通讯作者),辽宁大学转型国家经济政治研究中心博士,副教授。

Policy Contribution Rate,Relative Labor Cost and Loss of Enterprise Pension Contributions

JIN Gang,LIU Yu-tong,LI Yong-tao

Abstract：In this paper,we used the elastic loss coefficient of total wages paid by enterprise pensions to measure the loss of enterprise pension contributions.We also analyzed the influence of policy contribution rate and relative labor cost on the loss of enterprise pension contributions.Based on the data of listed manufacturing enterprises from 2007 to 2018,the empirical results showed that the policy contribution rate and the relative labor cost positively affected the loss of enterprise pension contributions,and the elastic loss coefficient of total wages paid by enterprise pensions of listed manufacturing companies was about 0.339,which meant that the evasion of payment caused about the loss of 33.9% of the theoretical contributions of enterprise pensions.At the same time,there were obvious heterogeneity between the state-owned and non-state-controlled enterprises,the profit-making and loss-making enterprises,and the enterprises with different asset scales.The loss of contributions caused a deviation between the actual value and the theoretical value of the biological rate of return of the pay-as-you-go pension system.The research results show that reducing the contribution rate and the relative labor cost of enterprises can reduce the loss of contributions of enterprise pensions to some extent.

Key words：policy contribution rate;relative labor cost;elastic loss coefficient