《保险研究》20210708-《保险人对承运人投保货运险的责任认定》（高俊涛、潘继仁）

［摘   要］承运人投保货运险并将自己列为被保险人,保险事故发生后,承运人请求保险赔付,保险人以“被保险人对保险标的不具有保险利益”为由抗辩常引发纠纷。保险利益的判断标准分为被保险人对保险标的具有合法的经济利益和被保险人需实际负担风险。承运人对其运送的货物享有责任利益,该保险利益与货运险的可承保利益不匹配。财产保险合同中保险利益并非合同效力要件,承运人不具有货运险下可承保利益的事实不影响保险合同的效力。保险人在订立保险合同的过程中,经由当然解释,对保险合同的可承保利益负有明确说明义务。若保险人对可承保利益等影响承运人订约的事项未尽明确说明义务,导致承运人错投货运险,保险人应承担缔约过失责任。承运人投保货运险,其订约意图可分为承运人为货主的利益投保货运险和承运人为自己的利益投保货运险两种情形。

［关键词］货运险；保险利益；可承保利益；保险金请求权

［基金项目］国家社会科学基金重大研究专项“新时代海洋强国战略法制保障研究”(18VHQ004)阶段性成果。

［作者简介］高俊涛,上海海事大学法学院副教授,法学博士,博士研究生导师；潘继仁,上海海事大学法学院硕士研究生。

Recognition of Insurer′s Liabilitiy on Cargo Insurance Purchased by the Carrier

GAO Jun-tao,PAN Ji-ren

Abstract：The cargo carrier purchases cargo insurance and lists himself as the insured.Once the insurance accident takes place,the carrier submits claim requests to the insurance company.Then the conflict may arise when the insurer refuses the compensation by citing that the carrier has no insurable interest in the cargo-carried.The criteria for judging on insurance interest are that the insured has a legitimate economic interest in the subject matter of the insurance,and the insured needs to actually bear the risk.The carrier has a liability insurable interest on the cargo-carried,but this kind of insurable interest does not match the coverable interest of cargo insurance.Insurable interest is not a condition for the validity of property insurance contract,therefore the fact that the carrier does not have insurable interest under cargo insurance does not affect the validity of the insurance contract.In the process of concluding an insurance contract,through natural interpretation,the insurer has a duty to clearly explain the coverable interest of the insurance contract.If the insurer fails to clearly explain the coverable interest of contract and other matters affecting the carrier′s willingness to conclude a contract,causing the carrier to enter into an insurance contract in error,the insurer shall be liable for contractual negligence.When applying for cargo insurance,the carrier′s contracting intents can be protecting the interests of the cargo owners or protecting the interests for their own.

Key words：Cargo Insurance;insurable interest;coverable interest;right to claim insurance benefits